Adjective Clauses

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I.     INTRODUCTION
An adjective clause is is a dependent (relative) clause that modifies a noun or pronoun.
An Adjective clause usually comes immediately after the word (s) it modifies. In some cases, a pronoun or prepositional phrase may come between the noun or pronoun and the clause.
English has several different types of adjective clause constructions. You will study each one in detail in later sections.
There are many types from adjective clauses
1.      Subject clauses : that, which, and who
Example : Hinduism is a religion that did not have one founder
2.      Object Clauses : that, which, and who(m)
Example : The man whom I met yesterday is a Hindu
3.      Possessive clauses : whose
Example : Hinduism is a religion whose beliefs form a major part of Hindu culture
4.      Time and place clauses : when and where
Example : India is a country in Asia where a majority of the population is Hindu

II.  DISCUSSION
     In this case there are two sentences in Indonesian:
(1)   Gadis itu adalah teman sekelasku. Gadis itu menolongmu kemarin.
(2)   Gadis itu ramah. Gadis itu datang kemari kemarin.
   When combined into one sentence so it becomes :
(1)   Gadis yang menolongmu kemarin adalah teman sekelasku.
(2)   Gadis yang datang kemari kemarin ramah.
    In the sentence combined above the underlined words function to explain or give a description of the noun in front of it. This expression in English is known as Adjective Clause.
    Clause is a group of words that have Subjects and Adjective Clause predetions, which are often also called relative clauses, which are groups of words that have a subject and a predicate that functions as an adjective, which is to explain Noun. Adjective Clause is always used with Relative Pronoun which consists of :
WHOM    to replace People                   as         Objects
WHICH    to replace Objects                  as        Subjects / Objects
WHOSE   to replace People / Objects    as        Owners
THAT       to replace People / Objects    as         Subjects / Objects
THERE    to replace Place                      as         Subject / Object
WHEN     to replace Time                      as         Subject / Object

a.       Use "WHO", "THAT" to replace the Pronoun Subject for People
Examples :
(1)   I know the man
                 He visited her last night
Combined to be :
I know the man who visited her last night.
I know the man that visited her last night.
(2)   The girl came here just now.
She called you last night.
            Combined to be :
                        The girl who called you last night came here just now.
                        The girl that called you last night came here just now.
(3)   The guests want to see you.
They are waiting outside.
            Combined  to be :
                        The guests who are waiting outside want to see you.
                        The guests that are waiting outside want to see you.
b.      Use "WHICH", "THAT" to replace the Pronoun Subject for Objects.
Examples :
(1)   The cat is very fat.
It is under the tree.
            Combined  to be :
                        The cat which is under the tree very fat.
                        The cat that is under the tree very fat.
(2)   She likes the hat.
It was a gift from her uncle.        
            Combined to be :
                        She likes the hat which was bought by her uncle.
                        She likes the hat that was bought by her uncle.
c.       Use "WHOM", "THAT" to replace the Personal Object for People
Examples :
(1)   The pretty women is y teacher
You met her yesterday
            Combined to be :
                        The pretty women whom you met yesterday is my teacher
                        The pretty women whom you met yesterday is my teacher
(2)   I don’t know the girls.
He is talking to them now.
            Combined to be :
                        I don’t know the girls whom he is talking to now.
                        I don’t know the girls that he is talking ton now.
d.      Use "WHICH", "THAT" to replace the Pronoun Subject for Objects.
Examples :
(1)   She is reading the magazine.
I bought it yesterday.
            Combined to be :
                        She is reading the magazine which I bought yesterday.
                        She is reading the magazine that I bought yesterday .
e.       Use "WHOSE" to replace Possessive Pronouns for People and Objects.
Examples :
(1)   The boy is crying loudly.
His mother doesn’t buy ice cream.
            Combined to be :
                        The boy whose mother doesn’t buy ice cream is crying loudly.
(2)   I know the pretty girl.
Her mother works here.
            Combined to be :
                        I know the pretty girl whose mother works here.
f.       Use "WHERE", "WHICH", "THAT" to change PLACES.
Example :
(1)   The house is very big.
Anita lives in the house (there)
            Combined to be :
                        The house where Anita lives is very big.
                        The house in which Anita lives is very big.
                        The house which Anita lives in is very big.
                        The house that Anita lives in is very big.
                        The house Anita lives in is very big.
g.      Use "WHEN", "WHICH", "THAT" to replace TIME.
Example :
(1)   The date is unforgettable.
He married her on the date (then).
            Combined to be :
                        The date when he married her is unforgettable.
                        The date on which he married her is unforgettable.
                        The date that he married her is unforgettable.
                        The date he married her is unforgettable

Exercise of the book (Page.384)
Adjective Clause in here with : that
                                   Religion and Human Behavior
            Does life have meaning? What gives it meaning? Why do we act the way we do? What is the best way to live? How can we be happy? How can we find peace? How can we find fulfillment in our lives? There are questions that people have struggled with throughout human history. Philosophers psychologists, sociologists and physicists all have tried to give us answers. We also look for answer within ourselves. We try to cultivate the spiritual side of our lives. For many people in the world, spiritual questions are answered by organized religion.
            Hundreds of spiritual traditions exist in the world, yet they all try to answer the same questions. They teach basic ideas that help humans understand the nature and their behavior. They describe oppositions between the spirit and the body good and evil, earthly and divine. Often these opposites cause conflict people. Each spiritual tradition gives people a method that they can follow walk the path of goodness. Each spiritual tradition moves toward a goal. Often that goal involves moving from earth to the divine and from the body to the spirit . This goal has a name like heaven, nirvana or salvation. All cultures in the world have spiritual traditions and usually some form of organized religion. The spiritual side of existence, whether organized into a religion or not has a stronge effect on the daily lives of people around the world.

REFERENCES

Werner, Patricis, 2002. Mosaic 1. McGraw-Hill Contemporary

Hariyono, Rudy, 2014. Bahasa Inggris Tanpa Guru. Mitra Utama   

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